Influence of oxygen-enrichment air intake and bioethanol–gasoline blends on particles matter of gasoline engine

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فایل ورد Influence of oxygen-enrichment air intake and bioethanol–gasoline blends on particles matter of gasoline engine  کاملا فرمت بندی و تنظیم شده در استاندارد دانشگاه  و مراکز دولتی می باشد.

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particles. Almost 3% of mortality caused by heart diseases and 5% of mortality caused by lung cancer in the world has been attributed to particles [5].Internal combustion engines have a large share in production of suspended particles in urban areas. These particles occur due to incomplete combustion in internal combustion engines. Most of the particles during the combustion process become oxidized, while the remaining amounts of compressed particles are removed. These particles have a complex compounds that called soot and the most of organic particles are volatile. The chemical nature of the particles is depended on the combination of fuel and combustion conditions. Diesel engines Particles mainly are became compressed Primary carbon particles that are absorbed on volatile organic substances. While gasoline particles are made of organic materials [6]. The formation of particulate matter in diesel engine depended to working conditions [7].Mass production of suspended particles in diesel engines is more than gasoline engines, so environmental laws and regulations are insists to reduce the diesel particulate [8]. In the same conditions, the average size of particle emissions from gasoline engines is less than suspended particles of diesel engines [2]. So that, in comparison with the same diesel engine Number Size Distribution the gasoline engine, gasoline engines produces smaller number of particles [7]. By considering the product of particles number produced by gasoline engines in number of vehicles in urban areas, gasoline-powered vehicles, are known a major source of particulate matter, especially fine particles in heavily populated urban areas. According to reports the World Health Organization, the effect of superfine particles and coarse particles are more dangerous [5]. Recently, European Commission has paid special attention to number-Mass of particles polluting gasoline engines. So that, European Commission is approved the laws that limit the number of particle emissions from diesel engines. The commission introduced critical limit 6 × ۱۰۱۱ particles/km for direct injection gasoline engines that manufactured after September 2017 and the commission introduced critical limit 6 × ۱۰۱۲ particles/km for engines that have Euro 6 standard in September 2014 [8].